Space Maintainers: Band & Loop vs Distal Shoe vs Nance

Band & Loop: single tooth space maintenance with molar band and 0.036 wire loop. Nance: bilateral maxillary bands with acrylic button for maximum anchorage. Distal Shoe: metal guide extending into alveolar ridge to guide unerupted first molar — the most technique-sensitive option. Selection depends on number of teeth lost and eruption status of permanent successors.